ABSTRACT
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is an important treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease in the middle and late stages. The accuracy of the implantation of electrode at the location of the nuclei directly determines the therapeutic effect of the operation. At present, there is no single imaging method that can obtain images with electrodes, nuclei and their positional relationship. In addition, the subthalamic nucleus is small in size and the boundary is not obvious, so it cannot be directly segmented. In this paper, a complete end-to-end DBS effect evaluation pipeline was constructed using magnetic resonance (MR) data of T1, T2 and SWI weighted by DBS surgery. Firstly, the images of preoperative and postoperative patients are registered and normalized to the same coordinate space. Secondly, the patient map is obtained by non-rigid registration of brain map and preoperative data, as well as the preoperative nuclear cluster prediction position. Then, a three-dimensional (3D) image of the positional relationship between the electrode and the nucleus is obtained by using the electrode path in the postoperative image and the result of the nuclear segmentation. The 3D image is helpful for the evaluation of the postoperative effect of DBS and provides effective information for postoperative program control. After analysis, the algorithm can achieve a good registration between the patient's DBS surgical image and the brain map. The error between the algorithm and the expert evaluation of the physical coordinates of the center of the thalamus is (1.590 ± 1.063) mm. The problem of postoperative evaluation of the placement of DBS surgical electrodes is solved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Mapping , Methods , Deep Brain Stimulation , Electrodes, Implanted , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multimodal Imaging , Parkinson Disease , General Surgery , Subthalamic NucleusABSTRACT
Cardiac masses with complicated sources and various classifications often locate on the walls and chambers of heart and interlink great vessels. Insidious onset and sudden appearance symptoms threaten the survival of patients. Multimodality imaging plays an important role in the fields of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of cardiac masses. The advancements of multimodality imaging in diagnosis of cardiac masses were reviewed in this article.
ABSTRACT
En la presente revisión los autores abordan el concepto de multimodalidad de imagen a través del conocimiento de las diferentes técnicas de imagen cardiológica y el aporte de cada una de ellas al diagnóstico de la insuficiencia cardíaca para así construir un esquema de secuencias de estudios o complementariedad de los mismos por separado o en conjunto (técnicas de fusión) aplicable a los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca confirmada o sospechada. Se analizan someramente los fundamentos técnicos y clínicos de cada técnica, los aportes de la multimodalidad al diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca encarando las perspectivas futuras de esta metodología. Al final del capítulo se ofrece un resumen conceptual para la aplicación práctica de los conceptos analizados en el mismo.
In this review the authors intend to approach to the concept of multimodality of images, through the knowledge of the different techniques and the contribution of each of them to the diagnosis of heart failure, in order to construct a scheme of studies sequences or complementarity of them, either separately or together (fusion techniques) applicable to the patient with confirmed or suspected heart failure. They briefly analyze the technical and clinical bases of each technique, the contributions of multimodality to the diagnosis of heart failure facing the future perspectives of this methodology. At the end of the chapter a conceptual summary is offered for the practical application of the concepts analyzed above.
Subject(s)
Humans , Multimodal Imaging/standards , Heart Failure , Diagnostic Techniques, CardiovascularABSTRACT
Single nuclear medicine functional imaging (including SPECT and PET) couldn't fully meet the demand of clinical diagnosis because of its own limits, thus the multimodality imaging equipment integrated anatomical and functional images has became the development trend of the nuclear medicine and even the entire medical imaging. Following the earliest SPECT-CT and PET-CT which having been widely used in clinic, the newest PET-MR has also been applied to clinical practice. PET-MR combined MR images with PET function image is substantial to the clinical diagnosis of cerebral nervous system diseases, cardiovascular system diseases and tumor, etc. In this paper, we reviewed the current application situation and prospects of PET-MR in cerebral nervous system diseases.
ABSTRACT
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and various cardiovascular imaging modalities have been introduced for the purpose of diagnosing and determining the severity of CAD. More recently, advances in computed tomography (CT) technology have contributed to the widespread clinical application of cardiac CT for accurate and noninvasive evaluation of CAD. In this review, we focus on imaging assessment of CAD based upon CT, which includes coronary artery calcium screening, coronary CT angiography, myocardial CT perfusion, and fractional flow reserve CT. Further, we provide a discussion regarding the potential implications, benefits and limitations, as well as the possible future directions according to each modality.
Subject(s)
Angiography , Calcium , Coronary Artery Disease , Coronary Vessels , Mass Screening , Mortality , PerfusionABSTRACT
This article reviewed the application of different kinds of imaging methods combined with the analysis of brain connectome in mild cognitive impairment. Previous studies demonstrated that the brain worked as the small-world network. In patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, the structure of small-world of network might be changed. According to the different methods, the trend of those changes might be different. This paper reviewed the current situation of the study in mild cognitive impairment through brain network analysis, and emphasized its importance and prospects.
ABSTRACT
This review introduces advances in clinical and pre-clinical single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) providing noninvasive functional images of biological processes. Development of new collimation techniques such as multi-pinhole and slit-slat collimators permits the improvement of system spatial resolution and sensitivity of SPECT. Application specific SPECT systems using smaller and compact solid-state detector have been customized for myocardial perfusion imaging with higher performance. Combined SPECT/CT providing improved diagnostic and functional capabilities has been introduced. Advances in PET and CT instrumentation have been incorporated in the PET/CT design that provide the metabolic information from PET superimposed on the anatomic information from CT. Improvements in the sensitivity of PET have achieved by the fully 3D acquisition with no septa and the extension of axial field-of-view. With the development of faster scintillation crystals and electronics, time-of-flight (TOF) PET is now commercially available allowing the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by incorporation of TOF information into the PET reconstruction process. Hybrid PET/SPECT/CT systems has become commercially available for molecular imaging in small animal models. The pre-clinical systems have improved spatial resolution using depth-of-interaction measurement and new collimators. The recent works on solid state detector and dual modality nuclear medicine instrumentations incorporating MRI and optical imagers will also be discussed.